Mawdaw galaw shapraw ai hte gram lajang ai ladat hta ahkyak ai daw langai hku nna, auto parts piping a hkrang shapraw ai lam gaw, jak rung bungli galaw ai lam hpe hkra machyi shangun ai sha n-ga, hka lim ai lam hpe hkra machyi shangun ai, hka lim ai lam hpe hkrak hkra galaw ya lu ai, system hpe ngang grin hkra galaw ya lu ai, yawng hpe shinggyin la lu ai lam ni hpe mung hkra machyi shangun ai. Industrial design ningmu hku yu yang, auto parts piping a hkrang gaw, bungli galaw ra ai lam ni hte engineering masa ni hpe kahkyin gumdin ai majaw byin pru wa ai rai nna, madang tsaw ai madang hte gram lajang ai lam hpe madun dan ai.
Hkrang nsam hte seng nna, mawdaw daw ni hpe madung hku nna madung amyu mali hku nna garan ginhka da ai: dingyang pipe, lahput, shayawm ai jak, branch pipe ni hpe garan ginhka ai. Straight pipe ni hpe madung hku nna, dingyang lam langai mi hku nna hka hpe htawt sit na matu lang ai. Shanhte a cross{2}} daw ni gaw madung hku nna grup yin rai nna, kata na n-gun hpe maren mara garan gachyan ya nna, n-gun yawm ai lam ni hpe shayawm ya ai. Ga shadawn, engine katsi ai ladat hta madung circulation piping gaw, n-gun n rawng ai kata lam ni hku nna, hka hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hpe shayawm ya lu ai, n-gun hpe shayawm ya lu ai. Beds chyawm gaw, shara la ai lam ra ai hta hkan nna, n bung ai radii ni nga ai. 90℃(sh) 45℃elbows ni hpe forging (sh) welding hku nna hpaw da ai, shanhte a galai shai ai shara ni hpe law law lang shinggrup nna chamfer galaw ai gaw, high{9}}speed fluid flow hku nna byin pru wa ai localized eddies ni hpe pat shingdang na matu re. Pipe ni hpe shayawm ya ai (shim daram hte shayawm ai ni zawn re ai ni) hpe diameter amyu myu a daw ni hpe matut mahkai na matu lang ai. Shanhte a shingnip shingna galai shai ai hkrang gaw, cross- daw garan ai shara hta akajawng sha galai shai wa ai majaw byin pru wa ai pressure galai shai ai lam ni hpe hkrak sha shayawm ya lu ai. Branch pipe ni hpe multi{14}}branch system ni hta law law lang mu lu ai, dai gaw brake sau htu ai shara ni hta "T{15}joint" zawn re ai. Shanhte a bifurcation angles ni hpe hka htung yawng hta rap ra ai hku lwi lu na matu, fluid dynamics simulations ni hku nna optimize galaw da ai.
Arung arai ni hte ntsa lam hpe tsi lajang ai lam ni gaw pipe ni a hkum hkrang hpe grau nna hkrang shapraw ya ai. Aluminum alloy pipe ni hpe shanhte a n-gun n law ai majaw exhaust system ni hta law law lang lang ai, shanhte a oxide film gaw n-gun kaba ai- aten kadun laman n-gun yawm ai hpe ninghkap ai. Rubber hoses ni chyawm gaw, n-gun grau ja wa na matu, n-gun ja ai n-gun dat ni hpe madun dan ai, shanhte a shinggan na n-gun jat ai lam ni hpe mung, n-gun ja ai chassis bungli galaw ai masa ni hta hkan nna, n-gun jat wa ai. Modern mawdaw daw ni hpe mung, sensor interface ni (sh) lawan ai{5}} matut mahkai ai lam ni hpe law law lang bang da ai. Ndai bungli galaw ai lam ni hpe kaga daw ni hpe n-gun n jaw ai sha, bungli galaw na matu loi ai hku galaw na matu, n-gun ja ai ergonomic npawt tara ni hte galaw ra ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun atsam mawdaw nnan ni hpe galaw shapraw ai hte, n-gun kaba ai{0}}}}yvoltage wan jak mawdaw ni hta hka lim ai lam ni hpe galaw hpang wa sai. Shanhte a corrugated design gaw thermal jat wa ai hpe gram lajang ya nna, npu lamu ga hpe jat wa ai hku nna katsi ai hpe shayawm kau lu ai atsam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai. Ndai hpaji ningnan gaw, mawdaw daw ni a hkrang gaw hpaji masa rawt jat wa ai hte maren, n-gun ja ai hku rawt jat wa ai hpe sakse madun nga ai, shi a npawt nhpang gaw, "shim lum ai, akyu rawng ai, hte htuk manu ai lam" ngu ai engineering yaw shada lam ni hpe galoi mung shinggrup nga ai.
