Mawdaw galaw shapraw ai hte gram lajang ai lam hta, hka htung ni hpe atsawm sha htawt sit lu na matu, piping system ni gaw ahkyak ai daw ni rai nga ai (ga shadawn, wan sau, katsi ai, hte sau ni zawn re ai). Mawdaw ntsa na piping amyu myu gaw, arung arai, hkrang masa, bungli, jai lang ai lam ni hta grai shai hkat nga ai. Mawdaw ni a bungli galaw ai lam hte shim lum lam a matu, hkrak ai hku garan ginhka nna lata la ai lam gaw ahkyak dik rai nga ai.
Arung arai shai hkat ai lam ni
Automotive piping hpe madung hku nna madung amyu lahkawng hku garan nna ka da ai: magri hte n-gun n yawm ai{0}}metal. Metal piping gaw madung hku nna steel hte aluminum re. Steel, shi a n-gun kaba hte tsaw ai- aten ladaw hpe ninghkap lu ai majaw, n-gun kaba ai-}ure sau lines (sh) exhaust system ni hta lang chye ai. Aluminum gaw, n-gun n law ai hte n-gun n rawng ai majaw, engine katsi ai line ni hta law law lang mu lu ai. Non{7}}}metallic piping hta rubber hose, nylon hka htung, plastic hka htung ni lawm ai. Rubber hoses ni gaw grai kaja ai galai shai ai lam ni hpe jaw ya nna, n-gun rawng ai (sh) n-gun rawng ai (fuel lines zawn re ai) ni a matu htuk manu ai. Nylon hte plastic tubing, shanhte a manu n law ai hte n-gun n law ai majaw, n-gun n law ai- hpe n-gun n law ai hka hpe htawt sit ai (nbung n-gun shayawm ai hka htung ni zawn re ai) a matu grai lang ma ai.
Structural hte functional shai hkat ai lam ni
Piping a structural design gaw shi a bungli hpe hkrak hkra hkra machyi shangun ai. Ga shadawn, tsaw ai{1}} pressure wan sau pipe ni gaw, multi{2}}layer composite structure hpe lang nna, sau- hpe ninghkap lu ai rubber (sh) n-gun ja ai plastic hte, n-gun ja ai n-gun hpe ninghkap lu na matu, magri mang braided mesh hte shinggrup da ai shinggan layer hpe lang ai. Hka lum ai hka htung ni gaw, maga mi de, hka lwi ai hpe n-gun shayawm ya lu na matu, n-gun n rawng ai kata bunghku ni hte magri (sh) plastic pipe ni rai nga ai. Dai hta n-ga, turbocharged system ni a sha ai pipe ni zawn re ai laksan pipe nkau mi hta, laksan bungli galaw ra ai lam ni hpe hkan sa lu na matu, nsen n pru ai nsen-}belslation layers ni hpe bang mai ai.
Hpaji masa hte lata la ai lam a matu ahkyak ai lam ni
Pipe amyu myu hpe jai lang ai lam ni hpe shanhte a bungli galaw ai lam hku nna dawdan ai. Fuel lines ni gaw sau hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam, permeation hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam, wan n-gun shayawm ra ai lam ni hpe hkan sa ra ai, n-gun n rawng ai lam ni hpe n-gun jaw ai lam ni hpe n-gun jaw ra ai. Brake fluid lines ni gaw n-gun kaba ai hte chemical stability nga ra ai, magri (sh) laksan rubber tubing hte galaw ai law law nga ai. Pipe langai hpe lata ai shaloi, bungli galaw ai n-gun, nbung katsi ai lam, hka hte htuk manu ai lam ni hpe hkrak tup myit yu ra ai. Ga shadawn, magri pipe ni hpe tsaw ai- aten ladaw hta ra sharawng ai, rubber hose ni gaw shara n law ai hte n-gun n rawng ai matut mahkai lam ni a matu htuk manu ai.
Gadun dawk
Automotive piping gaw, arung arai, hkrang masa, bungli galaw ai lam ni lawm ai, dimension law law hta n bung ai. Pipe amyu shagu a arawn alai ni hpe hkrak hkrak garan ginhka nna, tengman ai ra kadawn ai lam ni hpe madung tawn nna lata la ai gaw, mawdaw masa ni hpe shim lum ai hte hkrak hkra galaw lu na matu madung rai nga ai. Hkamja lam hpe gram lajang ai lam (sh) galaw shapraw ai lam hta rai tim, pipeline shai hkat ai lam hpe sung sung chye na ai gaw mawdaw kam hpa mai ai lam hte magam bungli prat hpe hkrak hkra galaw ya lu ai.
